A bidirectional counter is a synchronous binary counter that can count both up and down. We can use it to count towards a specific value or back to zero. We can count upwards from zero to a preset value. Sometimes we also need to count down from a defined value to zero. This feature allows […]
Understanding Synchronous Counter Circuits
In asynchronous counters we find the output of one stage connects directly to the clock input of the next stage. This setup causes a problem called “Propagation Delay.” Here the timing signal is delayed slightly as it passes through each flip-flop. In contrast synchronous counters have all their stages clocked together at the same time. […]
Explained: How Asynchronous Counter Works
An asynchronous counter is really cool because it can handle a total of 2n-1 different counting states. For example a 4-bit counter set up as MOD-16 can count from 0 all the way to 15, making it great for things like frequency division. But you can also use the basic design of an asynchronous counter […]
Understanding Frequency Division: “Divide-by-2” Counter
In our previous lessons about Sequential Logic we learned how D-type Flip-Flops work and how we can connect them to make a Data Latch. One cool thing about D-type Flip-Flops is that they can act as a binary divider which is great for dividing frequencies or working as a “divide-by-2” counter. In this setup, the […]
Understanding Audio Transformer with Calculations
Transformers are really cool devices, that do more than just change the voltage of signals. One of their awesome features is called isolation. This means that there is no direct electrical link between the primary and secondary coils, which keeps the input and output circuits completely separate. This isolation is super useful in audio transformers […]
Transformer Voltage Regulation: Explained with Formulas
When we talk about voltage regulation we are looking at how good a transformer is at keeping its secondary voltage steady even when the load changes. Sometimes the output voltage we get from the secondary side is not exactly what we were expecting and that is where voltage regulation comes into play. Now when you […]