The way in which voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) interact in any DC circuit was first explained by German physicist Georg Ohm. In the field of electricity, German physicist Georg Ohm discovered a key principle, he found that at a consistent temperature, the flow of electric current through a fixed, unchanging resistance is […]
Understanding How Electricity Flows in DC Circuits
As we all know electrical circuits consist of interconnected electrical elements. Current is measured in amperes (A), represents the flow of electric charge around a closed loop. This flow is driven by a potential difference (electromotive force, EMF) measured in volts (V). We know that, all materials are composed of atoms, however these atoms also […]
Calculating Crest Factor of a Waveform
Crest factor is a way to describe a waveform’s shape. It’s calculated by dividing the waveform’s peak value (maximum value) by its RMS value (effective value). For a perfect sine wave, the crest factor is 1.414. This tells us that sine waves have a predictable peakiness. Crest factor (CF), also called peak factor or amplitude factor, is a mathematical tool used to analyze various […]
Calculating Form Factor of a Waveform
Although Form Factor reflects the overall shape or structure of a waveform, it is mathematically defined as the ratio of the RMS (root mean square) value to the average value. Form Factor is a math tool. It analyzes periodic waveforms. It helps understand a waveform’s shape, structure, and quality. Sometimes, it shows how “peaky” a […]
Calculating Impedance and Complex Impedance
Impedance can be defined as the full resistance that an AC circuit presents against the passage of alternating current, and it is measured in Ohms. AC Circuits and Impedance In circuits carrying alternating current (AC), the opposition to current flow is called impedance. Its measured in ohms (Ω) and represents the combined effect of all […]
How to Calculate Power Factor Correction
Power Factor Correction (PFC) is a technique, which addresses this current-voltage mismatch in AC circuits. It uses capacitors which have an opposite reactive effect to inductors (common in motors and transformers), to bring the current and voltage back into alignment. This improves the overall efficiency of the circuit, by reducing the reactive power component and […]