In the earlier lessons we had about transformers, we kind of assumed that these devices were flawless. This means we thought their windings did not experience any core losses or copper losses at all. But when we actually use a transformer “on-load” we have to face the reality that there are always going to be […]
Electrical Transformer Working: Explained with Formulas
In this tutorial about transformers I will explain the basics in simple terms. As we know transformers can work without any moving parts inside and it is mainly used to change voltage levels so that we can transfer energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. We use alternating current (AC) in our homes […]
BJT Open Collector Output Circuit Explained with Calculations
BJT Open Collector Outputs are really starting to show up more and more in the world of digital chip design, operational amplifiers, and those advanced micro-controller projects we love to tinker with, like Arduino. We often use the BJT open collector outputs to connect with other circuits or to power high-current loads such as indicator […]
Understanding FET Current Source: Explained with Formulas
An FET Current Source is a specific kind of active circuit which employs a Field Effect Transistor to provide a steady and a constant amount of current to a circuit. Now you might wonder why it is important for us to have a constant current. Constant current sources and their opposite, which we call current […]
Darlington Transistor Working Explained with Calculations
In this post you will learn about this amazing BJT device called the Darlington Transistor. It was named after this genius engineer, Sidney Darlington, who came up with the idea. Basically it is like a special combo of two regular NPN or PNP bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) that are hooked up in a clever way. […]
How to Configure a MOSFET as a Switch
In our earlier discussions we observed that the N-channel Enhancement-mode MOSFET (e-MOSFET) operates effectively when supplied with a positive input voltage. This particular type of MOSFET boasts an exceptionally high input resistance—approaching infinity. This facilitates its use as a switch. This characteristic allows us to interface the MOSFET seamlessly with virtually any logic gate or […]